Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term, progressive condition where the kidneys slowly lose their ability to filter waste and maintain fluid balance. Many people in the early stages do not experience noticeable symptoms, which is why understanding the phases of CKD is crucial for early detection and timely treatment. With rising cases of diabetes, hypertension, and lifestyle-related health issues, CKD has become one of the fastest-growing health concerns in India.
Patients in Bengaluru often seek reliable evaluation and treatment at specialised centres like Trigone Clinic, where experienced urologists, including Dr. Ravichandran, provide expert care for kidney-related conditions. Identifying CKD early helps slow down progression and protect kidney function for years.
Stage 1: Mild Kidney Damage but Normal Function
In Stage 1, the kidneys still work normally, but subtle signs of damage begin to appear. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains above 90, indicating healthy filtration levels. However, patients may show abnormal urine protein levels or physical changes detected in scans.
What You May Notice:
Most individuals feel perfectly fine. There are usually no symptoms, making regular kidney check-ups essential for people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease.
Treatment Approach:
- Managing blood sugar and blood pressure
- Dietary adjustments
- Lifestyle modifications
- Monitoring kidney function regularly
At this stage, early intervention at centres such as Trigone Clinic can significantly slow disease progression.
Stage 2: Mild Reduction in Kidney Function
In Stage 2, eGFR drops to between 60 and 89. While kidney function is still fairly strong, the damage becomes more noticeable, especially in lab reports.
Possible Signs:
- Slight swelling in the legs
- Occasional fatigue
- Abnormal labs indicating early kidney injury
What to Do:
A urologist like Dr. Ravichandran may recommend a structured CKD management plan that includes diet regulation, hydration guidance, and medication control. Timely medical supervision at this stage prevents complications later.
Stage 3: Moderate Kidney Function Loss
Stage 3 is divided into two subcategories:
- 3A (eGFR 45–59)
- 3B (eGFR 30–44)
At this point, kidney function is moderate to severely reduced, and symptoms may start becoming visible.
Common Symptoms:
- Tiredness and weaker stamina
- Swelling in feet and hands
- Back or flank pain
- Changes in urine frequency
- Early signs of anemia
Care Plan:
Stage 3 requires more focused medical attention. A specialist may recommend dietary restrictions such as lower salt, controlled protein intake, and potassium management. Regular follow-ups at Trigone Clinic help track kidney performance and avoid sudden deterioration.
Stage 4: Severe Reduction in Kidney Function
With eGFR dropping to 15–29, this stage indicates severe kidney damage. Symptoms become quite noticeable and affect daily activities.
Symptoms Include:
- Severe fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fluid retention and swelling
- High blood pressure
- Sleeping difficulties
Treatment Needs:
Patients need close monitoring by a urologist. Dr. Ravichandran may start preparing patients for potential future treatments, such as dialysis or transplant assessment. Proper medication and strict dietary control can still delay the progression to kidney failure.
Stage 5: Kidney Failure (End-Stage Renal Disease)
At Stage 5, the kidneys function at less than 15% capacity. Toxins accumulate rapidly, and the body can no longer maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
Symptoms Are Often Intense:
- Breathing difficulty
- Severe swelling
- Confusion or dizziness
- Persistent nausea
- Minimal urine output
Next Steps:
This stage usually requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. A specialised CKD team, such as the one at Trigone Clinic, guides patients through advanced treatment options and long-term management.
What You Should Remember
Understanding the stages of CKD helps patients recognise the importance of early testing and timely intervention. With expert care from specialists like Dr. Ravichandran and comprehensive support from Trigone Clinic, individuals can manage kidney disease effectively and protect their long-term health.
